Indications
- Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Acute Bacterial Otitis Media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (including beta-lactamase-producing strains), Moraxella catarrhalis (including beta-lactamase-producing strains), or Streptococcus pyogenes
- Acute Bacterial Maxillary Sinusitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae (non-beta-lactamase-producing strains only)
- Acute Bacterial Exacerbations of Chronic Bronchitis and Secondary Bacterial Infections of Acute Bronchitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase negative strains), or Haemophilus parainfluenzae (beta-lactamase negative strains)
- Skin and Skin-Structure Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains), Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp and Enterobacter spp
- Urinary Tract Infections caused by Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Gonorrhea: Uncomplicated and disseminated gonococcol infections due to Neiseria gonorrheae (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains), in both males and females
- Early Lyme disease (erythema migrans) caused by Borrelia burgdorferi
- Impetigo caused by Staphylococcus aureus (including beta-lactamase-producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Switch therapy (injectable to oral) after surgery when patients condition is improved
Dosage & Administration
| Population | Infections | Dosage | Duration (days) |
| Adolescents and Adults(13 years and older) | Pharyngitis/tonsillitis | 250 mg twice daily | 10 |
| Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis | 250 mg twice daily | 10 | |
| Acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis | 250 or 500 mg twice daily | 10 | |
| Secondary bacterial infections of acute bronchitis | 250 or 500 mg twice daily | 5-10 | |
| Uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections | 250 or 500 mg twice daily | 10 | |
| Uncomplicated urinary tract infections | 250 mg twice daily | 7-10 | |
| Uncomplicated gonorrhea | 1000 mg | Single dose | |
| Early Lyme disease | 500 mg twice daily | 20 |
| Population | Infections | Dosage | Duration (days) |
| Paediatric patients (who can swallow tablet whole) | Acute otitis media | 250 mg twice daily | 10 |
| Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis | 250 mg twice daily | 10 |
| Population | Infections | Dosage | Duration (days) |
| Paediatric patient (3 months to 12 years) | Pharyngitis/tonsillitis | 20 mg/kg/day in two divided doses | 10 |
| Acute otitis media | 30 mg/kg/day in two divided doses | 10 | |
| Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis | 30 mg/kg/day in two divided doses | 10 | |
| Impetigo | 30 mg/kg/day in two divided dose |
Side Effects
Generally cefuroxime and clavulanic acid are well tolerated. However, a few side effects like nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal discomfort or pain may occur. As with other broad-spectrum antibiotics, prolonged administration of cefuroxime & clavulanic acid combination may result in overgrowth of nonsusceptible microorganisms. Rarely (<0.20%) renal dysfunction, anaphylaxis, angioedema, pruritis, rash and serum sickness like urticaria may appear.
Precautions
Xiclav® should be given with care to patients receiving concurrent treatment with potent diuretics and who have history of colitis
Contraindications
Patients with known hypersensitivity to cephalosporins & pseudomembraneous colitis are contraindicated.
Use in Pregnancy & Lactation
During Pregnancy: While all antibiotics should be avoided in the first trimester if possible, however Xiclav® can be safely used in later pregnancy to treat urinary and other infections. During lactation: Because Xiclav® is excreted into the breast milk in small quantities. However, the possibility of sensitizing the infant should be kept in mind.
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