Cefuroxime is a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum 2nd generation Cephalosporin antibiotic. It is bactericidal due to its binding to essential target proteins and the resultant inhibition of cell-wall synthesis. Cefuroxime is active against a wide range of gram-positive & gram-negative bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria spp, Haemophilus influenzae and many common gram- negative hospital pathogenes such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus mirabilis. Cefuroxime has noteworthy activity against beta-lactamase producing strains of Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which are resistant to ampicillin and penicillin.
Indication
Cefuroxime is indicated for the treatment of following infections: Upper and lower respiratory tract infections: Acute and chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis media, tonsillitis & pharyngitis. Skin & soft tissue structure infections: Peritonitis, furunculosis, pyoderma, wound infections and impetigo, Uncomplicated urinary tract infections: Pyelonephritis and cystitis. CNS infection: Maxillary Sinusitis, meningitis. Other diseases: Gonorrhoea, urethritis, Septicaemia and Early Lyme disease. Cefuroxime is also suitable for the prophylaxis against infections in abdominal, pelvic, orthopedic, cardiac, pulmonary, esophageal & vascular surgery.
Dosage And Administration
Adolescents and adults: Pharyngitis/tonsillitis – 250 mg 12 hourly for 10 days. Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis – 250 mg 12 hourly for 10 days. Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis – 250-500 mg for 10 days. Secondary bacterial infections of acute bronchitis – 250-500 mg for 5-10 days. Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections – 250-500 mg for 10 days. Uncomplicated urinary tract infections – 125 or 250 mg for 7-10 days. Gonorrhoea – 1000 mg single dose. Early Lyme disease – 500 mg twice daily for 20 days. Children over 3 months: 125 mg twice daily, if necessary doubled in children over 2 years with acute otitis media. Prophylaxis: 1.5 g injection with induction of anesthesia followed by 750 mg IM at 8 hours & 16 hours or three times daily for a further 24-48 hours.
Side Effects
Diarrhoea and rarely antibiotic-associated colitis, nausea and vomiting, abdominal discomfort, headache; allergic reactions including rashes, pruritus, urticaria, serum sickness-like reactions with rashes, fever and arthralgia, and anaphylaxis; erythema multiforme, toxic epidermal necrolysis reported; disturbances in liver enzymes, transient hepatitis and cholestatic jaundice; other side-effects reported include eosinophilia and blood disorders (including thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, agranulocytosis, aplastic anaemia and haemolytic anaemia); reversible interstitial nephritis, hyperactivity, nervousness, sleep disturbances, confusion, hypertonia and dizziness.
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