Indications
Treatment of all patients with type 1 diabetes. Treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes who are not adequately controlled by diet and/ or oral hypoglycemic agents.
For the initial stabilization of diabetes in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar non-ketotic syndrome and during periods of stress such as severe infections and major surgery in diabetic patients. Treatment of gestational diabetes.
Insulin Human (rDNA) is human insulin made by recombinant DNA technology. It has the same structure and function as natural insulin. Insulin regulates the glucose metabolism and stimulates the ingestion and utilization of glucose by liver, muscle and fat tissue. It also lowers blood glucose by accelerating glycogenesis and inhibiting gluconeogenesis.
Insulin Human (rDNA) 30/70 & Insulin Human (rDNA) 50/50 start action within 30 minutes after injection, reach peak level within 2-8 hours and last about 24 hours.
Dosage & Administration
The average range of total daily Insulin requirement for maintenance therapy in type 1 diabetic patients lies between 0.5 and 1.0 IU/kg. However, in pre-pubertal children it usually varies from 0.7 to 1.0 IU/kg, but can be much lower during the period of partial remission. In Insulin resistance, e.g. during puberty or due to obesity, the daily Insulin requirement may be substantially higher.
Initial dosages for type 2 diabetic patients are often lower, e.g. 0.3 to 0.6 IU/kg/day.
An injection should be followed by a meal or snack containing carbohydrates within 30 minutes.
The preparations are administered subcutaneously in the thigh or abdominal wall. A subcutaneous injection into the abdominal wall results in a faster absorption than from other injection sites.
Insulin suspensions are never to be administered intravenously.
Interaction
Contraindications
Side Effects
Hypoglycaemia, severe hypoglycaemia may lead to unconsciousness and/or convulsions and may result in temporary or permanent impairment of brain function or even death.
Symptoms of generalised hypersensitivity may include generalised skin rash, itching, sweating, gastrointestinal upset, angioneurotic oedema, difficulties in breathing, palpitation and reduction in blood pressure.
Fast improvement in blood glucose control may be associated with a condition termed acute painful neuropathy, which is usually reversible. Lipodystrophy may occur at the injection site as a consequence of failure to rotate injection sites within an area.
Injection site reactions (redness, swelling, itching, pain and haematoma at the injection site) may occur during treatment with Insulin. Most reactions are transitory and disappear during continued treatment. Oedema may occur upon initiation of Insulin therapy. These symptoms are usually of transitory nature.
Pregnancy & Lactation
There are no restrictions on the treatment of diabetes with Insulin during lactation, as Insulin treatment of the nursing mother involves no risk to the baby. However, the Insulin dosage, diet or both may need to be reduced.
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