Brand Name: Linaptin
Manufacturer: General Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Indications
Linagliptin is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Linagliptin may be used as monotherapy or in combination with other common antidiabetic medications including Metformin, Sulfonylurea, Pioglitazone, or Insulin. As a replacement therapy it is suitable when Metformin therapy is not appropriate due to intolerance or do not provide adequate glycemic control as monotherapy or other antidiabetic drugs are to be discontinued due to renal or hepatic impairment.
Therapeutic Class
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor
Pharmacology
Linagliptin is an inhibitor of DPP-4, an enzyme that degrades the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). By inhibiting DPP-4 Linagliptin increases the concentrations of active incretin hormones and stimulates the release of Insulin in a glucose dependent manner and decreases the level of Glucagon in the circulation and thus regulates the glucose homeostasis. Incretin hormones are secreted at a low basal level throughout the day and levels rise immediately after meal intake. GLP-1 and GIP increase Insulin biosynthesis and secretion from pancreatic beta-cells in the presence of elevated blood glucose levels. Furthermore, GLP-1 also reduces Glucagon secretion from pancreatic alpha-cells, resulting in a reduction in hepatic glucose output.
Contraindications
Linagliptin is contraindicated to patients hypersensitive to Linagliptin or any of the excipients.
Side Effects
Treatment with Linagliptin is well tolerated; some of the less common side effects are nasopharyngitis and hypoglycemia.
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