Indications
Mannitol is principally used by IV infusion as an osmotic diuretic to preserve renal function in acute renal failure and to reduce raised intracranial and intraocular pressure. Mannitol is also used as an irrigating solution to prevent hemolysis and hemoglobin buildup during transurethral prostatic resection. It is useful in the management of acute drug poisoning where a route of elimination is through kidney. Besides these, it is also used in symptomatic relief of edema, reperfusion injury, termination of pregnancy, and bowel preparation. So, Mannitol is indicated in-
Renal insufficiency, Reperfusion injury, Raised intracranial pressure, Bladder irrigation, Raised intraocular presure, Bowel preparation, Edematous status, As a prophylactic in renal failure, Management of poisoning, Termination of Pregnancy
Therapeutic Class
Pharmacology
Dosage & Administration
The adult dose of Mannitol ranges from 50 to 100 gm by IV infusion. The rate of administration is usually adjusted to maintain a urine flow of at least 30 to 50 ml/hr. Total dosage, concentration and the rate of administration depends on fluid requirement, urinary output and the severity of the condition being treated
Renal insufficiency-
- Adults: 50 to 100 g of Mannitol administered at a rate adjusted to maintain a urine flow of at least 30 to 50 ml/hr.
- Children: 2 gm/kg or 60 gm/m2Â of body surface area administered over a period of 2 to 6 hrs.
Cerebral edema, elevated intracranial pressure, elevated intraocular pressure, Glaucoma-
- Adults: 1.5 to 2 gm/kg administered over a period of 30 to 60 minutes.
- Children: 1 to 2 gm/kg body wt. or 30 to 60 gm/m2Â of body surface area administered over a period of 30 to 60 mins.
Adjunctive therapy for removal of toxic substances-
- Adults: 50 to 200 g of Mannitol administered at a rate adjust to maintain a urine flow of at least 100 to 500 ml/hr.
- Children: 2 gm/kg or 60 gm/m2Â of body surface area
For termination of pregnancy 50 gm of Mannitol (250 ml of Mannitol) is instilled into the amniotic cavity which induces abortion in a high proportion of pregnancies.
Reviews
There are no reviews yet.