Indications
Triamcinolone is indicated for the treatment and prophylaxis of the nasal symptoms of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis in adults and children 6 years of age and older.
Therapeutic Class
Corticosteroid, Glucocorticoids, Nasal Steroid Preparations, Respiratory corticosteroids
Pharmacology
The antiinflammatory actions of corticosteroids are thought to involve lipocortins, phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins which, through inhibition of arachidonic acid, control the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Firstly, however, these glucocorticoids bind to the glucocorticoid receptors which translocate into the nucleus and bind DNA (GRE) and change genetic expression both positively and negatively. The immune system is suppressed by corticosteroids due to a decrease in the function of the lymphatic system, a reduction in immunoglobulin and complement concentrations, the precipitation of lymphocytopenia, and interference with antigen-antibody binding.Triamcinolone Acetonide is a more potent derivative of Triamcinolone and is approximately 8 times more potent than prednisone. Corticosteroids are very effective in the treatment of allergic diseases in man. When given by intranasal spray, Triamcinolone Acetonide provides relief from allergy-induced watery nasal discharge (rhinorrhea), nasal congestion, postnasal drip, sneezing, and itching of the back of the throat.
Dosage & Administration
Adults and children 12 years of age and older: The recommended dose is 220 µgm as 2 sprays in each nostril once daily. Once symptoms are controlled patients can be maintained on 110 µgm (1 spray in each nostril once daily). The minimum effective dose should be used to ensure continued control of symptoms.Pediatric Patients aged 6 to 12 years: The recommended dose is 110 µgm as 1 spray in each nostril once daily. Triamcinolone spray is not recommended for children under 6 years of age.
Contraindications
No specific contraindications but caution is required in patients with hypersensitivity to any constituents of the formulation.
Side Effects
The most commonly reported adverse reactions in clinical trials with Triamcinolone included those involving mucous membranes of the nose & throat. The most prevalent adverse reactions considered are rhinitis, headache, & pharyngitis. The nasopharyngeal adverse effects included epistaxis, nasal irritation, dry mucous membrane, naso-sinus congestion and sneezing although these are seen as frequently with placebo. As with other nasally inhaled corticosteroids, nasal septal perforation has been reported.
Pregnancy & Lactation
There are no adequate and well controlled studies in pregnant women with Triamcinolone. Because animal studies indicate a teratogenic effect, Triamcinolone should be used during pregnancy if the potential benefit justifies the potential benefit to fetus. It is not known whether Triamcinolone is excreted in human breast milk.
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