Indications
Therapeutic Class
Pharmacology
Dosage & Administration
Acute Myocardial Infarction:
IV infusion:
- Vial size (IU): 15,00,000
- Total solution volume: 45 ml
- Infusion rate: Infuse 45 ml within 60 mins
Intracoronary infusion:
- Vial size (IU): 2,50,000
- Total solution volume:Â 125 ml
- 20,000 IU bolus, Infusion rate: Loading dose of 10 ml
- 2,000 IU/min. for 60 minutes, Infusion rate: 60 ml/hour
Pulmonary Embolism, Deep Vein Thrombosis, Arterial Thrombosis or Embolism:
- 2,50,000 IU loading dose over 30 min, Vial size (IU): 15,00,000, Total solution volume 90 ml, Infusion rate: Infuse 30 ml/hour for 30 min
- 1,00,000 IU/hour for maintenance dose, Infusion rate: Infuse 6 ml/hour
Interaction
Unless contraindicated, the concomitant use of Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, Aspirin), starting prior to Streptokinase infusion and continued for one month thereafter may be instituted at the discretion of the physician. The benefit of combination therapy should therefore be weighed against the risk of increased haemorrhage.
Anticoagulation treatment following Streptokinase: Following high dose (1.5 million IU), short term treatment with Streptokinase, for acute myocardial infarction, the use of subsequent anticoagulant treatment has not yet been shown to be of unequivocal benefit. Therefore, in this situation, the use of anticoagulants should be decided by the physician.
Contraindications
Recent (within 2 months) cerebrovascular accident, recent (within 10 days) facial or head trauma, intracranial or intraspinal surgery, known intracranial neoplasm and all known neoplasms with risk of haemorrhage
Invasive operations, e.g., recent organ biopsy, invasive diagnostic procedure, recent implantation of a vessel prosthesis, long-term traumatic closed-chest massage or other recent surgery (until the 6th to 10th post operative day, depending on the severity of surgical intervention)
Arteriovenous malformation or aneurysm: Haemorrhagic diathesis including thrombocytopenia or pronounced hepatic or renal dysfunction
Severe uncontrolled hypertension (systolic BP > 200 mm Hg, diastolic BP > 100 mm Hg), or hypertensive retinal changes grades III/IV), hypertonic fundus
Severe liver or kidney damage: Simultaneous treatment with oral anticoagulants (International Normalized Ratio (INR) >1.3)
Endocarditis or pericarditis (Immediately after streptococcal infections which have produced a high antiStreptokinase titre (acute rheumatic fever, acute glomerulo-nephritis, etc.). More than 5 days and less than 12 months since previous Streptokinase therapy.
Side Effects
- Common: Headache and back pain, muscle pain (including myalgia), chills and/or fever as well as asthenia/malaise.
Haemorrhage and bleeding:
- Common: Haemorrhages at invaded or disturbed sites, including the injection site, and ecchymoses. Gastrointestinal or genitourinary bleedings (including aggravation of menstrual bleeding), epistaxis.
- Uncommon: Intracranial haemorrhages with their complications and possible fatal outcome, retinal haemorrhages, severe haemorrhages (also with fatal outcome) including liver haemorrhages, retroperitoneal bleedings, splenic rupture. Blood transfusions are rarely required.
Immune system disorders:
- Very common: Development of antistreptokinase antibodies
- Common: Allergic-anaphylactic reactions such as rash, flushing, itching, urticaria, angioneurotic oedema, minor breathing difficulty, periorbital swelling, bronchospasm or hypotension.
Nervous system disorders:
- Rare: Neurologic symptoms (e.g., dizziness, confusion, paralysis, hemiparesis, agitation or convulsion) in the context of cerebral haemorrhages or cardiovascular disorders with hypoperfusion of the brain.
Cardiac complication and vascular disorders:
- Very common: Hypotension, heart rate and rhythm disorders, angina pectoris.
- Common: Recurrent ischaemia, heart failure, reinfarction, cardiogenic shock, pericarditis, pulmonary oedema.
- Uncommon: Cardiac arrest (leading to respiratory arrest), mitral insufficiency, pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade, myocardial rupture, pulmonary or distal embolism.
Respiratory disorders:
- Very rare: Non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema after intracoronary thrombolytic therapy in patients with extensive myocardial infarction.
Gastrointestinal disorders:
- Common: Nausea, diarrhoea, epigastric pain and vomiting.
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